Managing Helicoverpa armigera and Agrotis ipsilon in Peanut Fields Using Mixed Food Attractants

 

Introduction

Peanut cultivation faces significant yield losses due to insect pests, particularly Helicoverpa armigera and Agrotis ipsilon. Conventional chemical control methods often lead to resistance development and environmental concerns. This research introduces mixed food attractants as an alternative pest management approach, aiming to enhance sustainable control strategies while maintaining ecological balance in peanut agro-ecosystems.

Biology and Damage Potential of Target Pests

Helicoverpa armigera and Agrotis ipsilon are highly destructive pests with broad host ranges and strong adaptive capacities. Their feeding behavior causes severe defoliation, pod damage, and seedling mortality in peanut fields. Understanding their life cycles, feeding habits, and population dynamics is essential for designing effective attractant-based management strategies.

Concept and Composition of Mixed Food Attractants

Mixed food attractants combine multiple olfactory and gustatory cues to lure insect pests more effectively than single attractants. This topic discusses the rationale behind attractant formulation, selection of food components, and their role in enhancing trap attractiveness for noctuid pests under field conditions.

Field Evaluation of Attractant Effectiveness

Field experiments were conducted to assess pest attraction, trap catches, and population suppression in peanut fields. Results demonstrate the comparative performance of mixed food attractants in reducing pest incidence and highlight their practical applicability as part of integrated pest management programs.

Role in Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Incorporating mixed food attractants into IPM frameworks supports reduced chemical pesticide use and promotes environmentally responsible agriculture. This section examines how attractant-based methods complement biological and cultural controls, improving long-term pest suppression and resistance management.

Implications for Sustainable Peanut Production

The successful use of mixed food attractants offers a scalable and eco-friendly solution for peanut farmers. This research emphasizes the potential economic and environmental benefits, including improved yield stability, reduced production costs, and enhanced sustainability of peanut farming systems.

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Effects of Exercise and Pomegranate–Black Carrot Juice on Mineral Metabolism and Fatty Acid Profiles

 

Introduction

This topic introduces the growing interest in combined lifestyle interventions, particularly exercise and functional nutrition, for improving metabolic health. It outlines the scientific relevance of studying mineral metabolism and fatty acid profiles, emphasizing how dietary bioactives from pomegranate and black carrot juice, along with physical activity, may synergistically influence physiological functions and long-term health outcomes.

Role of Exercise in Mineral Metabolism

This section focuses on how regular physical activity affects the absorption, distribution, and utilization of essential minerals in the body. It discusses exercise-induced changes in mineral balance, enzyme activity, and metabolic regulation, highlighting the importance of physical activity in maintaining optimal micronutrient status and metabolic efficiency.

Bioactive Properties of Pomegranate and Black Carrot Juice

This topic examines the nutritional and biochemical composition of pomegranate and black carrot juice, particularly their rich polyphenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidants. It explains how these compounds contribute to mineral bioavailability, oxidative stress reduction, and modulation of lipid metabolism at the cellular level.

Effects on Fatty Acid Profiles

This section analyzes how exercise and juice interventions influence fatty acid composition, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It emphasizes the role of dietary antioxidants and physical activity in improving lipid quality, reducing metabolic risk factors, and supporting cardiovascular health.

Interaction Between Physical Activity and Functional Nutrition

This topic explores the synergistic effects of combining exercise with functional beverages. It highlights how coordinated interventions can enhance metabolic adaptations, improve nutrient utilization, and amplify health benefits beyond single-factor approaches, offering valuable insights for integrated health strategies.

Implications for Sports Nutrition and Preventive Health

This final section discusses the broader applications of the research findings in sports nutrition, clinical nutrition, and preventive health programs. It underscores the potential of evidence-based exercise and dietary interventions in supporting metabolic resilience, performance optimization, and long-term health promotion.

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Enhancing Biogas Production Using Pretreated Cotton Gin Trash in Anaerobic Co-Digestion Systems

Introduction

Anaerobic digestion is a widely adopted technology for converting organic waste into renewable energy in the form of biogas. Agricultural residues and livestock waste present significant untapped potential for sustainable energy production. This study introduces the use of pretreated cotton gin trash as a co-substrate with cow manure and sludge to improve digestion efficiency and promote environmentally responsible waste management.

Characteristics of Cotton Gin Trash as a Biomass Resource

Cotton gin trash is an abundant agricultural by-product rich in lignocellulosic materials. Its high carbon content makes it a promising substrate for anaerobic digestion when properly pretreated. Understanding its physical and chemical properties is essential for optimizing co-digestion processes and enhancing methane production efficiency.

Pretreatment Methods and Their Role in Biogas Enhancement

Pretreatment techniques play a crucial role in breaking down complex organic structures in cotton gin trash. By increasing substrate accessibility to anaerobic microorganisms, pretreatment significantly improves biodegradability, accelerates digestion rates, and boosts overall biogas and methane yields during co-digestion.

Anaerobic Co-Digestion with Cow Manure and Sludge

Co-digestion of cotton gin trash with cow manure and sludge creates a balanced nutrient profile and improves process stability. This synergistic combination enhances microbial activity, reduces inhibitory effects, and leads to higher biogas productivity compared to mono-digestion systems.

Impact on Methane Yield and Process Stability

The integration of pretreated cotton gin trash positively influences methane concentration and biogas quality. Improved carbon-to-nitrogen ratios and enhanced microbial interactions contribute to stable reactor performance, reduced retention time, and increased renewable energy recovery.

Environmental and Sustainable Energy Implications

Utilizing agricultural residues through anaerobic co-digestion supports waste reduction, greenhouse gas mitigation, and sustainable energy generation. This research demonstrates how waste-to-energy strategies align with circular economy principles, offering scalable solutions for clean energy production and environmental protection.

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Agri Education Excellence in Research Award

 

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Effect of Fertilization and Plant Density on the Nutritional Value of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) | Research Insights

 

Introduction

Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a perennial medicinal plant valued for its high nutritional and therapeutic properties. Recent agricultural research has focused on optimizing cultivation practices to improve its nutritional quality. Among these practices, fertilization and plant density play a crucial role in determining biomass yield and nutrient composition, making them key variables in nettle research.

Role of Fertilization in Nutrient Enhancement

Fertilization significantly influences the uptake of essential macro- and micronutrients in nettle plants. Research highlights how organic and inorganic fertilizers affect protein content, mineral accumulation, and secondary metabolites. Proper nutrient management can improve both yield and nutritional density while maintaining soil health.

Impact of Plant Density on Growth Dynamics

Plant density determines competition for light, water, and nutrients, directly affecting nettle growth and nutritional value. Studies indicate that optimal spacing enhances leaf development and nutrient concentration, whereas overcrowding may reduce overall quality despite higher biomass production.

Interaction Between Fertilization and Plant Density

The combined effect of fertilization and plant density creates complex interactions that influence nettle’s nutritional profile. Research demonstrates that balanced fertilization under optimal plant density maximizes nutrient efficiency, improves chlorophyll content, and enhances bioactive compounds important for medicinal use.

Nutritional and Medicinal Significance

Changes in fertilization and density practices directly affect nettle’s nutritional components such as proteins, iron, calcium, and phenolic compounds. These improvements increase nettle’s value as a functional food and medicinal resource, supporting its use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.

Future Research and Sustainable Applications

Future research should focus on long-term field trials, organic fertilization systems, and climate-adaptive density strategies. Sustainable cultivation of nettle can contribute to eco-friendly agriculture, food security, and expanded use of medicinal plants in global research and industry.

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Impact of Carbon–to–Nitrogen Ratio and Temperature on Antibiotic-Resistant E. coli During Anaerobic Digestion of Chicken Manure

Introduction

Anaerobic digestion is increasingly adopted for managing poultry manure due to its potential for energy recovery and nutrient recycling. However, the persistence of antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant Escherichia coli during the process raises concerns regarding environmental safety and public health. Understanding how operational parameters such as carbon–to–nitrogen ratio and temperature affect bacterial survival is essential for optimizing digestion efficiency while minimizing microbial risks.

Role of Carbon–to–Nitrogen Ratio in Microbial Survival

The carbon–to–nitrogen ratio plays a crucial role in regulating microbial metabolism during anaerobic digestion. Imbalanced C:N ratios can limit microbial activity or create stress conditions that influence pathogen persistence. This topic examines how optimal and sub-optimal C:N ratios affect the survival dynamics of resistant and non-resistant E. coli in chicken manure systems.

Temperature Effects on Antibiotic-Resistant and Non-Resistant E. coli

Temperature is a key determinant of pathogen inactivation during anaerobic digestion. Mesophilic and thermophilic conditions exert different levels of thermal stress on microbial populations. This section discusses how temperature regimes impact the survival, adaptation, and reduction efficiency of antibiotic-resistant versus non-resistant E. coli.

Interaction Between C:N Ratio and Temperature

The combined influence of carbon–to–nitrogen ratio and temperature can significantly alter digestion performance and microbial fate. This topic explores synergistic and antagonistic interactions between these parameters, highlighting how their optimization enhances pathogen reduction while maintaining stable anaerobic digestion processes.

Implications for Environmental and Public Health Safety

The persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in digested manure poses risks to soil, water, and food safety. This section addresses the potential pathways of environmental dissemination and evaluates how improved digestion conditions can reduce the spread of antimicrobial resistance from agricultural waste streams.

Future Research Directions and Sustainable Applications

Further research is needed to refine anaerobic digestion strategies that effectively control antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. This topic outlines future research priorities, including advanced process control, microbial monitoring, and integrated waste management approaches to support sustainable agriculture and circular bioeconomy goals.

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