Coated Phosphorus Fertilizers Improve Soil Fertility & Bean Yield in Saline Soils

Introduction

Soil salinity poses a major threat to global food security by reducing crop productivity and nutrient uptake. This study investigates the role of coated phosphorus fertilizers in enhancing soil fertility, yield, and ionic balance of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in saline soils. By integrating advanced fertilizer coating and optimized application methods, researchers aim to improve phosphorus availability, minimize salt stress, and promote sustainable crop growth in degraded lands.

Mechanism of Coated Phosphorus Fertilizers

Coated phosphorus fertilizers release nutrients gradually, preventing phosphorus fixation and increasing its availability to plants over time. The coating material acts as a protective layer that regulates nutrient diffusion, ensuring efficient uptake even under saline conditions. This controlled-release mechanism not only enhances phosphorus use efficiency but also reduces environmental losses and soil nutrient depletion.

Soil Fertility and Nutrient Dynamics

Application of coated phosphorus fertilizers significantly improves soil fertility by maintaining higher phosphorus concentrations in the rhizosphere. Enhanced nutrient retention contributes to better root development and microbial activity. Additionally, the treatment improves soil enzyme activities related to phosphorus cycling, promoting a healthier soil ecosystem essential for sustainable agriculture.

Yield Performance of Common Beans

Experimental results demonstrate that coated phosphorus fertilizers, combined with proper application methods, substantially increase the yield and biomass of common beans under saline conditions. The slow nutrient release supports continuous growth, leading to improved pod formation, seed weight, and overall productivity. These findings highlight the potential of phosphorus coating technology for achieving high-yield agriculture in stress-prone environments.

Ionic Regulation and Salt Stress Mitigation

Coated phosphorus fertilizers contribute to maintaining optimal ionic balance by reducing the toxic effects of sodium ions while enhancing potassium and calcium uptake. This improved ionic regulation strengthens plant cell membranes, enhances osmotic balance, and increases salt tolerance in beans. Consequently, plants exhibit better physiological resilience against salinity-induced stress.

Future Implications for Sustainable Agriculture

The study underscores the importance of integrating fertilizer technology with precision application strategies for improving crop performance in saline ecosystems. Coated phosphorus fertilizers offer a promising approach to achieving nutrient efficiency, soil restoration, and sustainable productivity. Future research can focus on multi-nutrient coatings, microbial synergy, and field-scale validation to extend the benefits to other crop species and soil types.

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