Introduction
Coal–grain compound areas with elevated groundwater levels represent a unique ecological environment where soil systems interact intensively with hydrological and geological factors. The introduction of coal mining and agricultural activities often alters soil characteristics and disrupts microbial community balance. Understanding how these factors influence the microbial ecosystem is essential for restoring soil health and promoting sustainable land use. This section outlines the study’s purpose, highlighting the importance of microbial mechanisms in maintaining soil functionality under complex environmental conditions.
Soil Physicochemical Characteristics
The foundation of this research lies in evaluating soil properties such as texture, pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity. High groundwater levels often modify soil aeration and moisture, thereby influencing nutrient mobility and redox reactions. In coal–grain compound areas, the interplay between anthropogenic and natural processes causes significant heterogeneity in soil composition. Assessing these physicochemical factors provides a basis for interpreting microbial response mechanisms and identifying patterns of ecological resilience.
Microbial Community Composition and Diversity
Microbial communities are vital indicators of soil ecosystem health. The study investigates the taxonomic composition, abundance, and diversity indices of bacterial and fungal populations in soils influenced by coal mining and crop cultivation. Shifts in microbial structures are linked to variations in groundwater levels and soil nutrients. Understanding these changes offers insights into how microbial assemblages adapt or decline under environmental stress, ultimately affecting soil productivity and ecosystem stability.
Response Mechanisms of Microbial Communities
This section examines how microbial communities respond to environmental fluctuations induced by high groundwater and coal–grain interactions. It explores adaptive mechanisms such as enzyme regulation, carbon metabolism, and nitrogen cycling pathways. Microbial feedback mechanisms help sustain essential biogeochemical cycles even under hydrological stress. The study also identifies key microbial taxa responsible for maintaining ecosystem functions, providing guidance for future bioremediation strategies.
Environmental and Agricultural Implications
The findings have far-reaching implications for both environmental restoration and agricultural productivity. Elevated groundwater levels can lead to soil anoxia, affecting crop yields and accelerating nutrient loss. However, understanding microbial adaptation enables targeted soil management practices that enhance resilience. Integrating microbiological insights into land management planning can help balance coal exploitation with agricultural sustainability in groundwater-sensitive zones.
Conclusion and Future Perspectives
The research concludes that the soil–microbe–groundwater relationship in coal–grain compound areas is complex but manageable through informed ecological interventions. Microbial communities exhibit remarkable adaptability, yet their equilibrium is fragile under anthropogenic pressure. Future studies should focus on long-term monitoring of soil–microbe interactions and developing microbial-based technologies for ecological restoration. Strengthening the synergy between soil science, hydrology, and microbiology can pave the way for sustainable land use in energy-affected regions.
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